Epilepsy and Seizures

• Epilepsy is a brain disorder primarily characterized by seizures. The electrical system in the brain shuts down temporarily during seizures. Epilepsy is usually diagnosed during childhood; a neurologist will diagnose the disorder via brain scans and other tests.
  
  According to Johns Hopkins Children's Center in Baltimore, the cause for epilepsy is unknown and there is no prevention. However, neurologists are highly trained to diagnose seizures, which they often can minimize or eliminate through medication, diet and a physician's supervision. A neurologist provides an individualized approach with multiple treatment options.
  
  

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors

• Children who suffer with brain or spinal cord tumors are directed to neurologists for conclusive tests and treatment options. Many children's hospitals treat brain or spinal cord tumors through their cancer centers.
  
  Neurologists, pediatric neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists and radiation oncologists work together to determine the most effective treatments to ensure the highest levels of functioning and quality of life for a child.
  
  

Neuromuscular Disorders

• Neuromuscular disorders affect the nerves that control voluntary muscles in areas such as arms and legs. The nervous system and muscles no longer communicate when the neurons become unhealthy or die. Because muscles can weaken or waste away, a neurologist is consulted to provide clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing, treatment and genetic counseling.
  
  Neuromuscular disorders can include multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy. Some neurologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders in children, adolescents and young adults.
  
  

Autism

• Signs of autism can include problems with social interaction, difficulties communicating, problems achieving developmental levels, and a tendency to repeat actions. Children suspected of autism should be referred to neurologists for early diagnosis so that specific skills can be taught.
  
  Many children's hospitals have autism centers that diagnose of children who have autistic disorders or who are assumed to have autism. Neurology and developmental neuroscience collaborates with psychiatry, psychology and developmental pediatrics to conduct extensive evaluation and diagnoses, and to form plans of intervention and therapy.