Alcohol Use Disorders and Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Alcohol Use Disorders and Risk of Parkinson's Disease
We identified 1,741 cases of PD (0.3%) in the total cohort of 602,930 individuals in the Swedish National Inpatient Register (Table 1). Of those who had been hospitalized with an alcohol use disorder, 1,083 (0.4%) had been admitted with PD, 208 women (0.3%) and 875 men (0.4%). In the population-proxy reference group, i.e. the individuals admitted with a diagnosis of appendicitis, 658 (0.2%) were later admitted with PD, 271 women (0.2%) and 387 men (0.2%). For both women and men, the greatest proportion of cases occurred in individuals 60 years and older at the time of exposure measurement. The mean follow-up time was 13.6 years for the group with alcohol use disorders and the mean age at exposure 43.0 years. In the group with appendicitis the mean follow-up time was 17.1 years and the mean age at exposure 30.0 years.
The crude HR for PD was 2.57 (2.32–2.82) in the individuals with an alcohol use disorder compared to the reference group (Table 2). Adjustment for sex did not substantially alter the estimate. However, when age was adjusted for the HR was 1.52 (1.38–1.67). The final model including sex and age resulted in a HR of 1.38 (1.25–1.53). When analysed separately, the HR in women was 1.64 (1.37–1.97) and in men 1.28 (1.14–1.44) adjusted for age (Table 3). When stratified by age groups at first hospital admission for PD, the highest HR was found in those with age ≤44, HR 2.39 (0.96–5.93) (Table 4).
Results
We identified 1,741 cases of PD (0.3%) in the total cohort of 602,930 individuals in the Swedish National Inpatient Register (Table 1). Of those who had been hospitalized with an alcohol use disorder, 1,083 (0.4%) had been admitted with PD, 208 women (0.3%) and 875 men (0.4%). In the population-proxy reference group, i.e. the individuals admitted with a diagnosis of appendicitis, 658 (0.2%) were later admitted with PD, 271 women (0.2%) and 387 men (0.2%). For both women and men, the greatest proportion of cases occurred in individuals 60 years and older at the time of exposure measurement. The mean follow-up time was 13.6 years for the group with alcohol use disorders and the mean age at exposure 43.0 years. In the group with appendicitis the mean follow-up time was 17.1 years and the mean age at exposure 30.0 years.
The crude HR for PD was 2.57 (2.32–2.82) in the individuals with an alcohol use disorder compared to the reference group (Table 2). Adjustment for sex did not substantially alter the estimate. However, when age was adjusted for the HR was 1.52 (1.38–1.67). The final model including sex and age resulted in a HR of 1.38 (1.25–1.53). When analysed separately, the HR in women was 1.64 (1.37–1.97) and in men 1.28 (1.14–1.44) adjusted for age (Table 3). When stratified by age groups at first hospital admission for PD, the highest HR was found in those with age ≤44, HR 2.39 (0.96–5.93) (Table 4).
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