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Differences in Acoustic Guitar Tone

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    • playing the guitar image by egirldesign from Fotolia.com

      The acoustic guitar is a wooden instrument that features a hollow frame connected to an elongated neck. Strings, normally made out of metals or nylon, stretch down the neck and across the hollow body in front of a large hole in the body. When the strings vibrate, they cause small disturbances in the air that are amplified by the hollow housing as the air moves in and out of the opening. There are a number of different guitar tones, and they are brought about by different factors.

    String Mass

    • The mass of the string affects the tone of the notes being played because more massive strings vibrate slower than lighter ones. Steel string guitars feature strings that get thicker from high notes to low notes, and nylon guitar strings have a change in density as well. The notes played by themselves on an acoustic guitar are E2 (frequency of 82 HZ), A2 (frequency of 110 Hz), D3 (frequency of 147 Hz), G3 (frequency of 196 Hz), B3 (frequency of 247 Hz) and E4 (frequency of 330 Hz).

    The Guitar Body

    • The top plate of the guitar body is normally made out of a spongy wooden material such as spruce. It is normally 2.5-mm thick with a series of braces inside that strengthen it. The strings cause the top plate to vibrate slightly and air moves in and out of the housing through the hole in the center, and this serves to amplify the sounds of the strings as they disrupt the air while being plucked. You can tell how the body affects guitar tone by playing an A string and then covering the air hole with a thin piece of cardboard or paper. You will hear the tone change dramatically.

    String Length and Tension

    • Tightening the pegs in the neck of the guitar adds more tension to the strings and creates a higher tone in each string as a result. This is is what happens when a guitar gets tuned. The neck of the guitar is called the fret board, and it is used to shorten the strings while playing. Placing your fingers on the neck in a particular way can shorten certain strings and leave others open while plucking them. The shorter the string, the higher the pitch it will play. All of this combines to give the guitar a large range of tones that can be utilized to play music.

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