Fluids

• The percentage of body weight composed of water steadily decreases with age, and varies from males to females. An adult male is composed of 60 percent water, compared to a female at 50 percent.
  
  A healthy daily fluid intake is between 3.5 pints, and 6.5 pints for the average adult, without any dietary restrictions. The volume of water taken into the body is equal to the body's fluid output. Routes of water loss are sweat (evaporation from the skin), insensible perspiration (evaporation from the respiratory system), urine output, and a small loss via the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  

Electrolytes

• Electrolytes are, in essence, diluted minerals, and are molecules or ions with an electronic charge. Electrolytes are ingested in food and water, and excess electrolytes are removed from the body via the kidneys, liver, lungs and skin. The concentration of electrolytes in the body must remain within a very small range in order for the body to function correctly, unless a person is growing, or gaining or losing weight--at these times there is a small amount of fluctuation.
  
  

Ions and Electrolytes

• Vital ions include Na+ (sodium ions), Cl- (chloride ions), K+ (potassium ions), Ca2+ (calcium ions), and Mg2+ (magnesium ions). In essence, electrolytes are minerals which dissolve in water, producing ions. The body absorbs and dissolves electrolytes from the food and fluid a person consumes. Additional sources of ions and electrolytes can be found in many sports drinks and snacks designed to naturally enhance performance. These essential minerals may also be found in multi-vitamin supplements, although there is some debate among the scientific community and health professionals regarding whether these supplements have any value, and if the body actually absorbs any of these minerals, or if they simply pass through the body undigested.
  
  

Fluid Loss

• It is important that the body is able to maintain a consistent level of water in the body, as dehydration (not enough water) and overhydration (too much water) can pose significant health problems, as well as affecting a person's ability to perform. Some health problems, for example, vomiting and diarrhea can cause a body to experience very significant fluid loss. If a person is experiencing this type of health problem, it is vital to attempt to restore the fluid levels.
  
  

In Conclusion

• These complex processes all rely on a person's diet and fluid intake. It is essential that you enjoy a balanced diet, and ensure that your fluid intake remains between 3.5 pints, and 6.5 pints on a daily basis, and not allow yourself to become dehydrated. Listen to your body--if you are sweating profusely, or have a fever, diarrhea, vomiting or your body is telling you it is thirsty--listen to it and increase your fluid intake. In this way a person can help her body to maintain homeostasis, and keep healthy.