How to Build a Wood Lean-To Shelter
- 1
A lasting structure made of timber logs.
Find a location. In the wild, choosing a good spot for a shelter can be a crucial part of its success or failure. If rain is a threat, don't build in a low area where water is likely to run and gather. Likewise, find a place protected from wind if that is a concern in the given situation. An ideal location will have flat ground and some trees for shelter and material. - 2
A simple lean-to made of lumber.
Build a support. The premise of the lean-to is that, in contrast to a four-walled shelter, the roof simply rests on a single support and extends to the ground. The shelter underneath thus takes on the shape of the leaning roof. A natural object such as a fallen tree or a notch between branches can be used, or else a support must be built. This can be done by using two large branches or planks and anchoring them vertically into the ground. Fasten each end of a cross-tie to the verticals with twine or vine. Use the knife to cut appropriate lengths. - 3
The roof frame of a recreated camp in Tennessee.
Lean the roof frame on the support. Whatever the roofing material is going to be, it needs a frame to sit on. This is usually the same material as the support, whether branches, logs or lumber. Lay the individual lengths perpendicular to the cross-tie, with one end touching the ground and the other resting on the support. If there is time and ample material, use twine to fasten the roof frame to the cross-tie. - 4
A fancy lean-to with lumber roof lined by shingles.
Apply the roof. The roofing material will determine its degree of water-tightness. Leaves will be the least secure, but when lain in multiple intersecting layers can be quite effective. Otherwise, a tarp or poncho can be laid over the roof frame. If lumber is used, provided there is enough to cover the frame, a very tight roof can be made by situating the planks in a seamless cover.
Source...